What is S-adenosyl-methionine and how does it work?

S-adenosyl-methionine (SAMe) is an amino acid compound that is formed in the body from methionine (amino acid) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and fulfils various functions. It influences the production of neurotransmitters and has an anti-inflammatory effect. SAMe can be used as a substitute for methionine when its intake is limited.

It can also help reduce inflammation and aid in the detoxification of harmful substances by contributing to the formation of glutathione, an important antioxidant in the body. Through these various mechanisms, S-adenosyl-methionine can help support mood, energy levels and liver function. The methyl group donor can be taken as a dietary supplement to support physical and mental well-being.

What uses is SAMe suitable for?

S-adenosyl methionine is used as a dietary supplement to treat various conditions or alleviate symptoms. There is some evidence that it may be effective in the treatment of depression, osteoarthritis and liver disease. It is also used to treat fibromyalgia, migraines, anxiety and Parkinson's disease. However, there is not yet enough evidence to say whether taking it for these conditions is actually effective. [2]

Which foods contain S-adenosylmethionine?

S-adenosylmethionine occurs naturally in foods, especially in animal products such as fish, meat, eggs and dairy products. However, the content in foods is very low compared to the mg doses in food supplements in this category, so it can be difficult to get enough through diet alone. A vegetarian or vegan diet can also lead to lower levels of S-adenosyl-methionine in the body. [2] The amino acid compound is therefore suitable in capsules with an appropriate mg dosage as a substitute or supplement to ensure sufficient intake.

How long does it take for SAMe to take effect?

The effectiveness of S-adenosylmethionine can vary depending on the condition and individual response. It is important not to stop taking the capsules without medical supervision and not to take higher mg doses than recommended. If there is no improvement in symptoms after a few weeks, you should consult a doctor to discuss how to proceed.

What side effects can occur from taking it?

S-adenosylmethionine is generally considered safe when taken in moderate doses. However, it can cause some side effects, such as nausea, diarrhoea, headaches and dizziness. It can also lower blood pressure and cause insomnia in some people. To minimise the risk of this, it should not be taken with antidepressants or other drugs that increase the concentration of serotonin in the brain, as this can lead to serotonin overload. [3]

SAMe should not be taken by people with bipolar disorder as it can cause mood changes. It should also not be taken by people taking blood-thinning medication or suffering from severe liver disease. [3] A high dosage of SAMe can negatively influence the effectiveness of the antiparkinsonian drug L-dopa. It should therefore only be used in Parkinson's patients under careful supervision. [6]

What dosage of SAMe is recommended?

The recommended dosage of the capsules varies depending on the indication and individual response. It is advisable to start with a lower mg dose and gradually increase the dose to minimise adverse reactions. [4] A dose of 400 mg to 1600 mg per day is usually recommended. However, it is important to follow the dosage recommendations on the label of the respective product or seek advice from a doctor, pharmacist or alternative practitioner. [1]

How is SAMe taken?

S-adenosylmethionine is usually taken orally every day in the form of tablets or capsules. It can be taken on an empty stomach or with a meal. Some people prefer to take the capsules with a meal to avoid possible gastrointestinal discomfort that can occur from taking it on an empty stomach. Others prefer to take the supplement on an empty stomach to allow for faster absorption.

It is usually advised to take the capsules at regular intervals, e.g. daily, over a longer period of time to maximise the effects. However, the dose and frequency of taking the capsules will depend on the specific indication and the preparation used. However, it is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and the doctor's recommendations when it comes to taking capsules containing this ingredient.

Can SAMe interact with other medications?

Yes, it can interact with other medications. For example, it can increase the effect of antidepressants and should therefore not be taken together with drugs in this category. In addition, it may reduce the effectiveness of blood thinners and should therefore not be taken with these medicines unless recommended by a doctor. [3] The effectiveness of the antiparkinsonian drug L-Dopa may also be impaired. [6]

How long should you take food supplements with SAMe?

The duration of use of food supplements with this ingredient depends on the type of condition for which it is used. For successful treatment, it is important to follow the doctor's dosage recommendations and not to increase the dosage on your own. Long-term treatment should only be carried out under medical supervision. [3] However, there are no clear guidelines for the duration of use and it is recommended that patients consult their doctor regarding this.

Can SAMe help in the treatment of anxiety and depression?

A study has shown that taking the capsules together with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can be effective in the treatment of generalised anxiety disorder. [4] It is assumed that it can regulate the neurotransmitters in the brain and thus reduce anxiety.

Some studies also suggest that S-adenosylmethionine can help in the treatment of depression [4]. A meta-analysis of 25 studies with a total of 2,539 participants found that it was as effective as antidepressants and had fewer side effects [4]. It has also been studied as a possible treatment option for schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, but further research is needed to confirm its effectiveness in these conditions [1].

Can SAMe help with joint pain?

Yes, S-adenosylmethionine can help with joint pain. There are some studies showing that it can be effective in relieving joint pain, especially osteoarthritis. [4] It can reduce inflammation and promote the production of cartilage and synovial fluid, which can lead to joint pain relief. However, further research is needed to investigate the exact effects of the substance on joint pain. [1]

Can SAMe help with liver disease?

It is thought that the substance promotes liver cell regeneration and improves the liver's detoxification function. Studies have shown that it can be effective in the treatment of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver inflammation. [2] However, it is important that patients with liver disease only take capsules containing this ingredient under medical supervision, as it may be contraindicated in severe liver disease. [3]

Is SAMe also suitable for animals?

Yes, it is also suitable for animals and is often used as a supplement for dogs and cats. It can be used for joint pain, liver problems and other conditions. However, it is important to observe the correct mg dosage and application and seek advice from a vet if necessary. [2]

When should SAMe not be taken?

It should not be taken during pregnancy or breastfeeding as there is not enough information on whether it is safe to do so [1]. There is also evidence that it can exacerbate the symptoms of Parkinson's disease and can sometimes lead to worsening in people suffering from bipolar disorder [3]. The substance is also not recommended for children under the age of 18, as there are insufficient studies on the long-term effects of the ingredient on children. [2]

Overall, S-adenosyl methionine can be a promising addition to your health routine, but it's important to be aware of the potential risks and interactions and always seek the advice of your doctor before taking a new supplement.

Sources
[1] https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/sadenosyllmethionine-same-in-depth
[2] https://www.medica-apotheke-kiel.de/gesundheitsbibliothek/index/l-methionin/
[3] https://www. msdmanuals.com/en/professional/special-fields/nutritional-supplements/s-adenosyl-l-methionine
[4] https://archive.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/samesum.pdf
[5] https://d-nb.info/980290481/34
[6] https://www.mikronaehrstoffcoach.com/de/at/mikronaehrstoffe/micronutrient.same.html